Let’s dive into the complex world of cannabis compounds – beyond cannabinoids and the characteristic scent and effects of the plant. One intriguing element that contributes to these characteristics is terpenes (sometimes called “terpenoids”), key not just for aroma and flavor but may also play a pivotal role in regulating the effects of cannabis.
What are Terpenes?
Terpenes are organic compounds that are the source of the distinct aroma and flavors of many plants, fruits, and herbs, including cannabis. These compounds serve an essential function in nature. They act as a natural defense from pests and predators and from environmental stressors.
In cannabis, trichomes synthesize terpenes. These same mushroom-shaped glands produce THC and other cannabinoids. These days, cannabis-derived terpenes play an even bigger role in cannabis enthusiasts’ pursuit of the highest terpene strains, exotic flavors, and interesting effects, especially in concentrates and the dabbing community.
Where Are Terpenes Found?
You can find terpenes all over the natural world. They give oranges their citrus smell, they give lavender their relaxing fragrance, and they give pine trees their refreshing pine scent.
Each cannabis plant produces its own unique terpene profile, impacting the smell, taste, and possibly even the effects when consumed. There is still a lot we don’t know about cannabis terpenes and their effects but research into the potential impact on effects is ongoing.
Understanding the Role of Terpenes in Cannabis
The terpenes in cannabis influence the plant’s diverse scent and flavor profiles. For instance, a strain smelling strongly of citrus is likely high in limonene, a common terpene also found in citrus fruits.
Terpenes also work in combination with cannabinoids in what’s known as the “Entourage Effect,” potentially changing the plant’s overall effects. For example, Myrcene, one of the most common terpenes found in cannabis, may contribute to its sedative effects, and may also boost the effects of THC.
How Terpenes Affect the Body
While research is still ongoing, early studies have shown real potential when it comes to the health benefits associated with various terpenes. Some studies have shown certain compounds may have neuro-protective qualities. Others, like the citrusy limonene, may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, while the spicy and earthy Humulene may possess pain-fighting effects.
It’s important to note that while these findings are promising, further research and clinical trials are still needed to validate any claims of health benefits.
How to Choose Cannabis by Terpene Profiles
Being able to identify cannabis strains based on terpene profiles can really take your consumption experience to the next level. Recognizing individual terpenes by their aroma can help steer your selection based on desired effects or flavor preferences.
It’s advised that beginners approach this practice gradually. Get used to common marijuana terpenes and how they interact with your body and senses. One of the easiest to identify, limonene is known for its strong citrus fruit scent. Another terpene with an intense and easy-to-identify aroma is pinene which, as you might imagine, smells nearly identical to a fresh pine tree.
Common Terpenes
Limonene
Characterized by a vibrant citrusy aroma similar to fresh lemons, Limonene is one of the best terpenes for depression and anxiety. Beyond mood-elevating properties, research has shown that limonene may help with stress relief and possess anti-inflammatory properties.
Check out this Limonene-rich strain.
Caryophyllene (aka Beta-Caryophyllene)
With its distinctively spicy and peppery aroma, caryophyllene is the only terpene that acts as a cannabinoid. Caryophyllene interacts with the body’s CB2 receptors. It’s currently being studied for anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, making it one of the best terpenes for pain.
Check out this Caryophyllene-rich strain.
Myrcene (aka Beta-Myrcene)
Recognized by its earthy, musky scent with hints of fruity notes, myrcene tops the list of terpenes in cannabis best for sleep. Found in a variety of cannabis strains, it may enhance the effects of THC, and some studies show it may have potential analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and sedative properties.
Check out this Myrcene-rich strain.
Linalool
Known for its floral aroma with hints of spice, you can find linalool in lavender. Research suggests that it may have calming and anti-stress effects, potentially making it one of the best terpenes for anxiety and individuals with stress disorders.
Check out this Linalool-rich strain.
Humulene (aka Alpha-Humulene)
Humulene has a woody, earthy aroma with spicy notes. Also found in hops and in coriander. Preliminary research shows that it may show anti-inflammatory effects.
Check out this strain with Humulene.
Final Thoughts
Terpenes play an important role in the uniqueness and complexity of cannabis, impacting not just the aroma and flavor, but potentially also influencing the plant’s effects and offering potential health benefits. Adding another layer, high-level terpene extraction allows producers to create highly specific cannabis concentrates with a potent terpene profile. For cannabis enthusiasts, a knowledge of terpenes can help navigate the complexities of cannabis flavors and aromas.
However, as research goes deeper, it reveals more layers to these incredible compounds. The next time you sit back to enjoy cannabis, take a moment to go on a terpene journey. Try to appreciate the depth of flavor and experience added by these compounds.
Sources:
Cannabis industry gets crafty with terpenes
Myrcene—What Are the Potential Health Benefits of This Flavouring and Aroma Agent?
Lead Compounds from Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Cannabis And Its Terpenes: What Is Humulene And What Does It Do?
An overview of the cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor system and its therapeutic potential
